Books like Roman de la Rose by Guillaume de Lorris

The Prince (Italian: Il Principe [il ˈprintʃipe]; Latin: De Principatibus) is a 16th-century political treatise written by Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli as an instruction guide for new princes and royals. The general theme of The Prince is of accepting that the aims of princes – such as glory and survival – can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends. From Machiavelli's correspondence, a version appears to have been distributed in 1513, using a Latin title, De Principatibus (Of Principalities). However, the printed version was not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death. This was carried out with the permission of the Medici pope Clement VII, but "long before then, in fact since the first appearance of The Prince in manuscript, controversy had swirled about his writings". Although The Prince was written as if it were a traditional work in the mirrors for princes style, it was generally agreed as being especially innovative. This is partly because it was written in the vernacular Italian rather than Latin, a practice that had become increasingly popular since the publication of Dante's Divine Comedy and other works of Renaissance literature.

Il Parzival, composto in Germania agli inizi del XIII secolo, fu il primo grande romanzo di formazione (Bildungsroman) della letteratura tedesca, ed ebbe già tra i contemporanei tanto successo da oscurare le altre opere dell’autore: ne sono testimonianza i moltissimi manoscritti conservati, circa ottanta tra completi e frammentari. Il romanzo è un inestricabile viluppo di due tematiche diverse: l’ascesa del cavaliere dalla iniziale “stultitia” alla perfezione cortese e cristiana, che fa di lui l’ideale “miles Christi”, e l’irrefrenabile spirito di avventura tipico della narrativa arturiana. Tornei per ottenere la mano di bellissime principesse e duelli combattuti all’unico scopo di esaltare la propria innamorata, si alternano nel romanzo di Wolfram a temi tipici della mistica cristiana, quali l’estasi religiosa ed erotica, la penitenza presso santi eremiti, la “cerca” del Santo Graal, che diventa nel romanzo di Wolfram l’asse portante dell’intera vicenda dell’eroe Parzival. L’inventiva fantastica, la coloritura di scene e costumi insieme alla ricchezza del linguaggio fanno del Pazival un componimento unico e inimitabile, il degno antagonista, opposto anche per spirito e stile, del Tristano di Gottfried. L’unica assente è la musica: di musica non si parla mai, neppure nell’incontro con i pellegrini del venerdì santo. La musica, ce la metterà Wagner, fedele interprete della mistica erotico-religiosa di Wolfram.

Le 15 septembre 1840, vers six heures du matin, la Ville-de-Montereau , pres de partir, fumait a gros tourbillons devant le quai Saint-Bernard. Des gens arrivaient hors d'haleine ; des barriques, des cables, des corbeilles de linge genaient la circulation ; les matelots ne repondaient a personne ; on se heurtait ; les colis montaient entre les deux tambours, et le tapage s'absorbait dans le bruissement de la vapeur, qui, s'echappant par des plaques de tole, enveloppait tout d'une nuee blanchatre, tandis que la cloche, a l'avant, tintait sans discontinuer. Enfin le navire partit ; et les deux berges, peuplees de magasins, de chantiers et d'usines, filerent comme deux larges rubans que l'on deroule. Un jeune homme de dix-huit ans, a longs cheveux et qui tenait un album sous son bras, restait aupres du gouvernail, immobile. A travers le brouillard, il contemplait des clochers, des edifices dont il ne savait pas les noms ; puis il embrassa, dans un dernier coup d'oeil, l'ile Saint-Louis, la Cite, Notre-Dame ; et bientot, Paris disparaissant, il poussa un grand soupir.

Celestina is the most remarkable work produced in 15th century Spain and its influence has been enduring and profound. It is a prose dialogue divided into 21 'acts', starting in comedy and ending in tragedy. The story tells of a bachelor, Calisto, who uses the old procuress Celestina to start an affair with Melibea, an unmarried girl kept in seclusion by her parents. Though the two use the rhetoric of courtly love, sex - not marriage - is their aim. When he dies in an accident, Melibea commits suicide after confessing to her father.

The Canterbury Tales is a collection of twenty-four stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer. The tales are presented as a storytelling contest by a group of pilgrims on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. Each pilgrim tells a story to pass the time, and their tales range from bawdy and humorous to serious and moralistic.

The stories provide valuable insights into medieval English society as they explore social class, religion, and morality. The pilgrims represent a cross-section of medieval English society: they include a knight, a prioress, a miller, a cook, a merchant, a monk, a nun, a pardoner, a friar, and a host, among others. Religion and morals play an important part of these stories, as the characters are often judged according to their actions and adherence to moral principles.

Chaucer also contributed significantly to the development of the English language by introducing new vocabulary and expressions, and by helping to establish English as a literary language. Before the Tales, most literary works were written in Latin or French, languages which were considered more prestigious than English. But by writing the widely-read and admired Tales in Middle English, Chaucer helped establish English as a legitimate literary language. He drew on a wide range of sources for his lexicon, including Latin, French, and Italian, as well as regional dialects and slang. In doing so he created new words and phrases by combining existing words in new ways. All told, the Canterbury Tales paved the way for future writers to write serious literary works in English, and contributed to the language’s development into a language of literature.

This edition of The Canterbury Tales is based on an edition edited by David Laing Purves, which preserves the original Middle English language and provides historical context for editorial decisions. By maintaining the language of the original text, Purves allows readers to experience the work as it was intended to be read by Chaucer’s contemporaries, providing insight into the language and culture of the time. Other editions may differ significantly in their presentation of the language; since the Tales were transcribed, re-transcribed, printed, and re-printed over hundreds of years and across many changes in the language, there are many different ways of presenting the uniqueness of Chaucer’s English.

This edition includes extensive notes on the language, historical context, and literary sources, providing readers with a deeper understanding of the cultural and historical context in which the work was written. Scholars have used Purves’ edition as a basis for further study and analysis of Chaucer’s work, making it an important resource for anyone interested in the study of medieval literature.

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