Books like Science and Method (Key Texts) by Henri Poincaré

Carl Sagan’s classic work urges critical thinking, exposing the myths of pseudoscience—from witchcraft to UFOs—and arguing that scientific literacy is essential for informed, democratic decision‑making in the modern world.

Descartes' 1637 classic, "Discours de la méthode," introduces systematic doubt, clear reasoning, and methodological principles that underpin modern philosophy and the science of knowledge.

Explains the interplay between science, engineering, and society through selected scientific principles.

"Avoiding the twin pitfalls of scientism and cynicism, noted philosopher Susan Haack argues that, fallible and flawed as they are, the natural sciences have been among the most successful of human enterprises - valuable not only for the vast, interlocking body of knowledge they have discovered, and not only for the technological advances that have improved our lives, but as a manifestation of the human talent for inquiry at its imperfect but sometimes remarkable best." "This book explores the complexities of scientific evidence and the multifarious ways in which the sciences have refined and amplified the methods of everyday, empirical inquiry; articulates the ways in which the social sciences are like the natural sciences, and the ways in which they are different; disentangles the confusions of radical rhetoricians and cynical sociologists of science. Exposes the evasions of apologists for religious resistance to scientific advances; weighs the benefits and the dangers of technology, tracks the efforts of the legal system to make the best use of scientific testimony, and tackles predictions of the eventual culmination, or annihilation, of the scientific enterprise."--Jacket.

When first published in 1959, this book revolutionized contemporary thinking about science and knowledge. It remains the one of the most widely read books about science to come out of the twentieth century.

The results, conclusions and claims of natural science are often taken to be reliable because they arise from the use of a distinctive method. Yet today, there is widespread scepticism as to whether we can validly talk of method in modern science. This outstanding new survey explains how this controversy has developed since the seventeenth century and explores its philosophical basis. Questions of scientific method are discussed through key figures such as Galileo, Bacon, Newton, Bayes, Mill, Poincare, Duhem, Popper, and Carnap. The concluding chapters contain stimulating discussions of attacks on the idea of scientific method by key figures such as Kuhn, Lakatos, and Feyerabend. Essential reading for students of the history and philosophy of science. Scientific Method will also appeal to anyone with an interest in what philosophers say about science.

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn.